This is a practical cPanel cheatsheet for beginners, with focus on the commands that may be useful to new sysadmins.
Basic Setup
Install Installatron
wget https://data.installatron.com/installatron-plugin.sh
chmod +x installatron-plugin.sh
./installatron-plugin.sh -f Install memcache
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache
cd memcache*
phpize
./configure
make && make install
echo "extension=memcache.so" >> /your_path/php.ini Backups
cPanel backup account
/scripts/pkgacct username Check cPbackup for errors
tail -100 $(ls -dt /usr/local/cpanel/logs/cpbackup/* | head -n1) | grep 'error|warn' Check when backup finished
tail -3 $(ls -dt /usr/local/cpanel/logs/cpbackup/* | head -n1) Check the number of accounts that were backed up
echo "Total Accounts to backup: $(grep -Li "suspended" $(grep -l "^BACKUP=1" /var/cpanel/users/*) | wc -l)" && echo "Backed up accounts: $(cd "$(grep "BACKUPDIR" /var/cpanel/backups/config | awk '{print $2}')"/"$(date -dlast-sunday +%Y-%m-%d)"/accounts && ls | wc -l)" Check when was the last time that Jetbackup ran and it’s status
echo -e "n~~~~JB accounts backup last job stats~~~n" && tail -1 $(find /usr/local/jetapps/var/log/jetbackup/backup/ -type f -size +2k | xargs ls -dt | head -n 1) | awk '{print "Job date:"$1"-"$2" "$3", status: "$7" "$8}' | tr '[' ' ' && echo "Start time:" && head -1 $(find /usr/local/jetapps/var/log/jetbackup/backup/ -type f -size +2k | xargs ls -dt | head -n 1) | awk '{print $4}' | cut -d ':' -f 1,2 | awk '{print $0" AM"}' && echo "End time:" && tail -1 $(find /usr/local/jetapps/var/log/jetbackup/backup/ -type f -size +2k | xargs ls -dt | head -n 1) | awk '{print $4}' | cut -d ':' -f 1,2 && echo "" Security
ModSecurity limit website connections per IP
nano /usr/local/apache/conf/modsec2.user.conf
SecConnReadStateLimit 250 Check if IP is blocked by cPhulk
grep IP /usr/local/cpanel/logs/cphulkd.log Temporary disable cphulk
/usr/local/cpanel/etc/init/stopcphulkd Whitelist an IP on cPHulk
/scripts/cphulkdwhitelist x.x.x.x Blacklist an IP on cPHulk
/scripts/cphulkdblacklist x.x.x.x CSF check IP
csf -g 8.8.8.8 Unblock an IP on CSF
csf -dr 8.8.8.8 Check IP block history
grep IP /var/log/lfd.log For more CSF snippets check this CSF CheatSheet
Emails
Delete all email accounts
ls /home/cpanel_user/mail/domain.com/ > /tmp/list
for i in `cat /tmp/list`; do cpapi2 --user=cpanel_user Email delpop domain=domain.com email=$i; done Sort email accounts by the number of logins
head -1 /var/log/exim_mainlog | awk '{print $1}' ; egrep -o 'dovecot_login[^ ]+|dovecot_plain[^ ]+' /var/log/exim_mainlog | cut -f2 -d":" | sort|uniq -c|sort -nk 1 ; tail -1 /var/log/exim_mainlog | awk '{print From $1}'2020-10-25 Check rejected emails for a single email address
exigrep user@domain.com /var/log/exim_rejectlog* List failed logins for a speciffic email address
grep DOMAIN.com /var/log/maillog | grep failed List all logins and messages for a specific email address
grep dovecot_login:user@domain.com /var/log/exim_mainlog Check who suspended an email account
grep suspend_incoming /usr/local/cpanel/logs/access_log Accounts
List all cPanel accounts and domains
cat /etc/trueuserdomains | awk '{ print $2" "$1}' | sed 's/://' Change IP for a cPanel accounts
/usr/local/cpanel/bin/setsiteip -u $user $ip Which user owns the domain (addon/allias)
/scripts/whoowns domain.com Delete an account
/scripts/killacct username Suspend an account
/scripts/suspendacct USERNAME Unsuspend an account
/scripts/unsuspendacct USERNAME List of suspended accounts
ll /var/cpanel/suspended cat /usr/local/apache/conf/includes/account_suspensions.conf Malware Finding
List all POST requests for a cPanel account
grep POST /home/USERNAME/access-logs/* | awk '{print $7}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n Check for the most well known WordPress attack methods
egrep -c '(wp-comments-post.php|wp-login.php|xmlrpc.php)' /usr/local/apache/domlogs/* |grep -v "_log" |sort -t: -nr -k 2 |head -5 |tee /tmp/delete_check |cut -d'/' -f6; for domlog in $(cut -d':' -f1 /tmp/delete_check); do echo; echo $domlog; echo; echo wp-login.php :: $(grep -c wp-login.php $domlog); echo; grep wp-login.php $domlog | cut -d' ' -f1|egrep -o '[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}' |sort |uniq -c |sort -nr | head; echo; echo xmlrpc.php :: $(grep -c xmlrpc.php $domlog); echo; grep xmlrpc.php $domlog |cut -d' ' -f1 |egrep -o '[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}' |sort |uniq -c |sort -nr | head; echo; echo wp-comments-post.php :: $(grep -c wp-comments-post.php $domlog); echo; grep wp-comments-post.php $domlog |cut -d' ' -f1 |egrep -o '[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}' |sort |uniq -c |sort -nr | head; echo; done Scan files for CWD mailing scripts
tail -n2000 /var/log/exim_mainlog|grep /home/USERNAME/ Scan files for known PHP code injection methods
grep -R "base64_" /home/USERNAME/
grep -lr --include=.php "eval(base64_decode"
grep -lr --include=.php "eval"
grep -lr --include=*.php "base64" Scan directory with Maldet
maldet -a /path/to/directory SSL
Check AutoSSL status for user
/usr/local/cpanel/bin/autossl_check --user=USERNAME Clear AutoSSL Pending Queue
cd /var/cpanel mv autossl_queue_cpanel.sqlite autossl_queue_cpanel.sqlite.old
/usr/local/cpanel/bin/autossl_check_cpstore_queue DNS
Add an DomainKey (DKIM) record
/usr/local/cpanel/bin/dkim_keys_install username Replace IP address in the zone file
/usr/local/cpanel/bin/swapip [sourceip] [destip] [ftpip] [domains] Add an SPF record
/usr/local/cpanel/bin/spf_installer username Logs
Check which domain is IP accessing
grep -rle 'IP-GOES-HERE' /usr/local/apache/domlogs/. | uniq Who accessed to a certain acc
grep USERNAME /usr/local/cpanel/logs/session_log | grep "NEW .*app=cpaneld" | awk "{print $6}" | sort -u | uniq Check IP access for HTTP status 503
grep 11.22.33.44 addon-domain.main-domain-name.extension-ssl_log | grep 503 Check on which service (cpanel, webdisk, webmail..) a certain IP tried to access
grep IP-GOES-HERE /usr/local/cpanel/logs/login_log Check cPanel logins for a specific IP
grep IP-GOES-HERE /usr/local/cpanel/logs/session_log | grep cpanel-user Who suspended an email acc
grep suspend_incoming /usr/local/cpanel/logs/access_log Check the error logs for a certain IP address
grep 11.22.33.44 /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log All cPanel account action
/var/cpanel/accounting.log We need your help!
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